Keskustelu:Tiedolla johtamisen menetelmät ja työkalut

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Versio hetkellä 2. lokakuuta 2016 kello 06.20 – tehnyt Jouni (keskustelu | muokkaukset) (→‎Ohjeita työhön)
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Tiivistelmä

Tähän kootaan lyhyt 1-2 A4 pituinen tietokide

Nykytilanne

Päätösten läpinäkyvyys ja tietopohjaisuus ovat nousseet yhdeksi pääteemaksi niin hallinnon kuin tutkimuksenkin kentällä. Nykyiset tiedonjalostamisen käytännöt ovat hyviä ja lukuisiin muihin maihin verrattuna Suomessa jopa erinomaisia. Kun päätöstä aletaan valmistella, sovitaan tavoitteet, vastuut ja aikataulut ja työtä tekemään valitaan virkamiehet tai toimikunnat, jotka tuntevat asian hyvin. Tietoa työn tekemiseen on yleensä runsaasti. Tiedon runsaus ei kuitenkaan takaa päätösten perustuvan saatavilla olevaan tietoon.

Tutkimuslaitosten ja yliopistojen tuottaman tutkimustiedon rooli päätöksenteossa on merkittävä. Nykyiset toimintatavat eivät kuitenkaan tue saatavilla olevan tiedon hyödyntämistä. Prosessit perustuvat pitkälti toimijoiden omalla koneella tekemään työhön, suljettuihin toimikuntiin ja pieneen, helposti saatavilla olevaan osaan tiedosta.

Tietopohjaiseen päätöksentekoon ongelma ei siis tällä hetkellä ole tutkimustiedon puute. Ongelma on päätöksentekoprosessien avoimuuden ja osallistamisen puute sekä tiedon hajanaisuus.

Ehdotettu toimintapa

Edellä esitetyn ongelman ratkaisuna on pyrkiä päätösten valmistelussa jaettuun ymmärrykseen. Jaettu ymmärrys tarkoittaa tilannetta, jossa eri osapuolten näkemykset on kuvattu niin kattavasti, että on tiedossa, mistä päätökseen liittyvistä faktoista ja arvoista ollaan samaa mieltä, mistä eri mieltä ja miksi.

Jaetun ymmärryksen syntyminen edellyttää erityisesti avoimuutta, kohteellisuutta ja kritiikkiä. Näiden puute näyttää useimmiten liittyvän epäonnistumisiin jaetun ymmärryksen syntymisessä.

Avoimuuden, kohteellisuuden ja kritiikin laajamittainen onnistuminen vaatii verkkotyötila, johon kaikki asiaankuuluva tieto voidaan laittaa kaikkien nähtäville. Verkkotyötilan on myös sallittava avoin osallistuminen niin, että tieto ei hajoa tai vääristy. Verkkotyötilan lisäksi tarvitaan sopivat tietorakenteet ja toimintamallit, joiden avulla tieto pidetään järjestyksessä.

Tärkein menetelmä pitää tieto järjestyksessä on tunnistaa täsmällisiä kysymyksiä, joihin vastauksen löytäminen on tietotyön keskeisin tehtävä. Kysymysten on a) palveltava päätöksenteon tarpeita ja b) oltava tutkimuskysymyksiä eli sellaisia, joihin voidaan vastata tieteellisen tiedon avulla ja joiden vastausyrityksiä voi kritisoida tieteellisin perustein.

Tietokiteeksi kutsutaan sellaista tutkimuskysymyksen ympärille rakennettua tietojen kokonaisuutta, joka noudattaa avoimuuden, kohteellisuuden ja kritiikin periaatteita ja pyrkii jaettuun ymmärrykseen vastauksesta käyttäen havaintoaineistoja perusteluna. Tietokide onkin tässä työssä tunnistettu tärkeimmäksi tiedon jäsentämisen työkaluksi tai tieto-olioksi, joka ohjaa päätösvalmistelutyön etenemistä.

Ohjeita työhön

  • Avoin päätöksentekokäytäntö nykymuodossaan toimii työn pohjana.
  • Sisältää myös aiempia katsauksiamme päätöstukikirjallisuuteen.
  • Kirjallisuuskatsaus syksyllä 2015 (Arja A)
  • Vierailu The GovLabiin marraskuussa (Jouni)
  • Raimo mukaan keskusteluihin, jotta saadaan yhteiskuntatieteellinen näkökulma ja osaaminen.
  • Lyhyt ilmaisu ja kansantajuinen esitys. Esimerkkinä Design for Government. Joka työpaketista tuotetaan konkreettinen deliverable, joka on sisäänheittotuote ja markkinointiväline. Yksityiskohtaisempi työversio on Opasnetissä, ja tästä synteesistä pidetään kansantajuista meteliä ihmiskasvoin.
  • Myös teoreettisempaa keskustelua kaivataan: MIKSI TEHDÄÄN? Tämä johdannoksi.
  • Deliverable: “Miten tietoa pitäisi jäsentää jotta se tukisi päätöksentekoa?
  • Katsauksen tehtävänä on vastata näihin kysymyksiin:
    • mitä asiaa tarkastellaan ja mistä sen kuvaus löytyy (viite ja linkki)?
    • onko kyseessä teoreettinen viitekehys, toimintamalli vai tekninen työkalu? ----#: . Onko järkevä luokittelu? --Jouni Tuomisto (keskustelu) 22. syyskuuta 2015 kello 08.19 (UTC) (type: truth; paradigms: science: comment)
    • lyhyt kuvaus asiasta
    • miten tätä asiaa voisi hyödyntää valtioneuvoston tiedolla johtamisen kannalta ja mitä hyötyä siitä olisi
    • haasteita, ongelmia, mahdollisuuksia asian hyödyntämisessä
    • konkreettinen ehdotus miten asia sisällytetään sisäänajosuunnitelmaan jos mitenkään ja miksi. Vaihtoehtoja: otetaan käyttöön, otetaan muokattuna käyttöön, pidetään mielessä mutta ei hyödynnetä toistaiseksi, ei hyödynnetä. Tarvittaessa asia pilkotaan pienempiin osiin jotta saadaan seulottua käyttöön vain kaikkein parhaat ideat johdonmukaisesti.

Hakuja Web of Sciencesta

Results: 65, 10 articles selected by hand

(from Web of Science Core Collection)
You searched for: (TS=(decision making) OR TS=(policy)) AND TS=(knowledge production)
Refined by: WEB OF SCIENCE CATEGORIES: ( ECONOMICS OR MANAGEMENT OR PLANNING DEVELOPMENT OR OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCE OR SOCIOLOGY OR COMPUTER SCIENCE THEORY METHODS OR COMMUNICATION OR SOCIAL SCIENCES INTERDISCIPLINARY OR HISTORY PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE OR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OR MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES ) AND DOCUMENT TYPES: ( REVIEW OR EDITORIAL MATERIAL OR BOOK CHAPTER )
Timespan: All years. Indexes: SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, ESCI. 

FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Fudge, N
   Sadler, E
   Fisher, HR
   Maher, J
   Wolfe, CDA
   McKevitt, C
AF Fudge, Nina
   Sadler, Euan
   Fisher, Helen R.
   Maher, John
   Wolfe, Charles D. A.
   McKevitt, Christopher
TI Optimising Translational Research Opportunities: A Systematic Review and
   Narrative Synthesis of Basic and Clinician Scientists' Perspectives of
   Factors Which Enable or Hinder Translational Research
SO PLOS ONE
ID STEM-CELL RESEARCH; SCIENCE; HEALTH; BEDSIDE; BENCH; GOVERNANCE;
   EFFICIENCY; MEDICINE; BARRIERS
AB Introduction
   Translational research is central to international health policy, research and funding initiatives. Despite increasing use of the term, the translation of basic science discoveries into clinical practice is not straightforward. This systematic search and narrative synthesis aimed to examine factors enabling or hindering translational research from the perspective of basic and clinician scientists, a key stakeholder group in translational research, and to draw policy-relevant implications for organisations seeking to optimise translational research opportunities.
   Methods and Results
   We searched SCOPUS and Web of Science from inception until April 2015 for papers reporting scientists' views of the factors they perceive as enabling or hindering the conduct of translational research. We screened 8,295 papers from electronic database searches and 20 papers from hand searches and citation tracking, identifying 26 studies of qualitative, quantitative or mixed method designs. We used a narrative synthesis approach and identified the following themes: 1) differing concepts of translational research 2) research processes as a barrier to translational research; 3) perceived cultural divide between research and clinical care; 4) interdisciplinary collaboration as enabling translation research, but dependent on the quality of prior and current social relationships; 5) translational research as entrepreneurial science. Across all five themes, factors enabling or hindering translational research were largely shaped by wider social, organisational, and structural factors.
   Conclusion
   To optimise translational research, policy could consider refining translational research models to better reflect scientists' experiences, fostering greater collaboration and buy in from all types of scientists. Organisations could foster cultural change, ensuring that organisational practices and systems keep pace with the change in knowledge production brought about by the translational research agenda.
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
SN 1932-6203
PD AUG 4
PY 2016
VL 11
IS 8
AR e0160475
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0160475
UT WOS:000381368900063
PM 27490373
ER

PT J
AU Lawrence, RJ
AF Lawrence, Roderick J.
TI Advances in in transdisciplinarity: Epistemologies, methodologies and
   processes
SO FUTURES
DE Conceptual frameworks; Epistemologies; Methodologies; Outcomes;
   Transdisciplinary processes
ID RESEARCH AGENDA
AB There has been a proliferation of contributions about transdisciplinarity during the last decade. Today transdisciplinarity is known and referenced in the natural and social sciences, and the humanities, as well as numerous professions. Hence it is appropriate to take stock of what has been achieved in both education and research during the last 10 years. These achievements include development of conceptual and analytical frameworks, a diversification of methods and approaches in precise localities, specific cases showing the creative, reflexive and transformative capacity of transdisciplinary inquiry, and concerns about the asymmetries of power and control of participants during processes of the co-production of knowledge. However, conceptual and institutional barriers for transdisciplinary inquiry are still common whereas incentives remain rare. This is not only due to the scepticism of decision makers in academic institutions, in conventional funding agencies and in policy decision making but also to the formal education and personal motives of scientific researchers in academic institutions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 22
SN 0016-3287
EI 1873-6378
PD JAN
PY 2015
VL 65
SI SI
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1016/j.futures.2014.11.007
UT WOS:000350940000001
ER

PT J
AU Homsy, GC
   Warner, ME
AF Homsy, George C.
   Warner, Mildred E.
TI Climate Change and the Co-Production of Knowledge and Policy in Rural
   USA Communities
SO SOCIOLOGIA RURALIS
ID GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; LOCAL-GOVERNMENT; CITIES; GOVERNANCE;
   INCLUSION; MIGRATION
AB Climate change requires action at multiple levels of government. We focus on the potential for climate change policy creation among small rural governments in the USA. We argue that co-production of scientific knowledge and policy is a communicative approach that encompasses local knowledge flowing up from rural governments as well as expertise and power (to coordinate and ensure compliance) flowing down from higher level authority. Using environmental examples related to land use policy, natural gas hydro-fracturing, and watershed protection, we demonstrate the importance of knowledge flows, power, and coordination in policy creation. Co-production of knowledge and policy requires respect for local knowledge and a broader framing of issues to include both environmental and economic perspectives. While we see potential for local action, we caution that polycentric approaches lead to externality problems that require multi-level governance to ensure coordination and compliance.
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 3
U2 25
SN 0038-0199
PD JUL
PY 2013
VL 53
IS 3
BP 291
EP 310
DI 10.1111/soru.12013
UT WOS:000321517400003
ER

PT J
AU Delvaux, B
   Schoenaers, F
AF Delvaux, Bernard
   Schoenaers, Frederic
TI Knowledge, local actors and public action
SO POLICY AND SOCIETY
ID PARTICIPATION; GOVERNANCE; SCIENCE; POLICY; SCIENTISTS; MANAGEMENT;
   ORGANIZATIONS; FARMERS; INQUIRY; SPACE
AB What is the status and role in public action of the knowledge possessed by 'simple' citizens, users and professionals? That is the question broached in both this article and the entire special issue for which it serves as the introduction. To this end, we explore the abundant scientific literature pertaining to the topic and try to situate our own position within the broader setting. After discussing the gradual questioning of the social representations that have made scientific knowledge the ideal and standard by which we measure all knowledge, we argue that many authors with an essentialist approach to knowledge have stressed the differences between scientific knowledge and non-scientific knowledge, often leaving us at an impasse. We argue therefore that it is preferable to advance an approach in which knowledge is as at once relational and in a constant process of hybridization. Having opted for and justified this position, we then focus on the - hybrid - knowledge possessed by citizens, users and professionals, by first probing the reasons for the growing involvement of these actors in the production of knowledge and policies. We then ponder the nature and foundations of the complaints and criticisms frequently levelled at participatory mechanisms as to the actual role played in these areas by the knowledge held by 'local' actors. In the end, we identify proposals defended by certain authors to make the interactions of actors from different social worlds more symmetrical. (C) 2012 Policy and Society Associates (APSS). Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 2
U2 11
SN 1449-4035
PD JUN
PY 2012
VL 31
IS 2
BP 105
EP 117
DI 10.1016/j.polsoc.2012.04.001
UT WOS:000320209100001
ER

PT J
AU Huang, KG
   Murray, FE
AF Huang, Kenneth G.
   Murray, Fiona E.
TI DOES PATENT STRATEGY SHAPE THE LONG-RUN SUPPLY OF PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE?
   EVIDENCE FROM HUMAN GENETICS
SO ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
ID INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY-RIGHTS; ABSORPTIVE-CAPACITY; NATIONAL-SURVEY;
   SCIENCE; INNOVATION; TECHNOLOGY; ORGANIZATIONS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; NETWORKS;
   MARKET
AB Knowledge-based firms seeking competitive advantage often draw on the public knowledge stream (ideas embedded in public commons institutions) as the foundation for private knowledge (ideas firms protect through private intellectual property [IP] institutions). However, understanding of the converse relationship-the impact of private knowledge strategies on public knowledge production-is limited. We examine this question in human genetics, where policy makers debate expanding IP ownership over the human genome. Our difference-in-differences estimates show that gene patents decrease public genetic knowledge, with broader patent scope, private sector ownership, patent thickets, fragmented patent ownership, and a gene's commercial relevance exacerbating their effect.
RI HUANG, Kenneth Guang-Lih/D-2205-2010
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 6
U2 42
SN 0001-4273
PD DEC
PY 2009
VL 52
IS 6
SI SI
BP 1193
EP 1221
UT WOS:000273758300006
ER

PT J
AU Chaminade, C
   Vang, J
AF Chaminade, Cristina
   Vang, Jan
TI Globalisation of knowledge production and regional innovation policy:
   Supporting specialized hubs in the Bangalore software industry
SO RESEARCH POLICY
DE Regional innovation systems; Evolution; Globalization of innovation;
   Software industry; Bangalore
ID FACE-TO-FACE; ACADEMIC RESEARCH; SMALL FIRMS; COMMUNITIES; CLUSTERS;
   TECHNOLOGIES; PROXIMITY; SERVICES; SYSTEMS; BASES
AB This paper is concerned with the changing role of regional innovation systems and regional policies in supporting the transition of indigenous firms in developing countries from competing on low costs towards becoming knowledge providers in global value chains. Special attention is paid to policies supporting the emergence and development of the regional innovation system in this transition process. Regional innovation systems in developing countries have very recently started to be conceptualised as specialized hubs in global innovation and production networks (Asheim, B., Coenen, L, Vang-Lauridsen, J., 2007. Face-to-face, buzz and knowledge bases: socio-spatial implications for learning, innovation and innovation policy. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25 (5), 655-670; Chaminade, C., Vang, J., 2006a. Innovation policy for small and medium size SMEs in Asia: an innovation systems perspective. In: Yeung, H. (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Asian Business. Edward Elgar. Cheltenham; Maggi, C., 2007. The salmon farming and processing cluster in Southern Chile. In: Pietrobello, C., Rabellotti, R. (Eds.), Upgrading and Governance in Clusters and Value Chains in Latin America. Harvard University Press). A specialized hub refers to a node in a global value chain that mainly undertakes one or a few of the activities required for the production and development of a given good or service or serves a particular segment of the global market. In global value chains, firms in developing countries have traditionally been responsible for the lowest added-value activities. However, a few emerging regional innovation systems in developing countries are beginning to challenge this scenario by rapidly upgrading in the value chain. There is, however, still only a poorly developed understanding of how the system of innovation emerges and evolves to support this transition process and what the role of regional innovation policy is in building the regional conditions that support indigenous small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in this transition process. This paper aims at reducing this omission by analyzing the co-evolution of the strategies of indigenous SMEs and the regional innovation system of Bangalore (India). (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
TC 45
Z9 50
U1 10
U2 76
SN 0048-7333
PD DEC
PY 2008
VL 37
IS 10
BP 1684
EP 1696
DI 10.1016/j.respol.2008.08.014
UT WOS:000261658700004
ER

PT J
AU Williams, C
   Mooney, G
AF Williams, Charlotte
   Mooney, Gerry
TI Decentring social policy? Devolution and the discipline of social
   policy: A commentary
SO JOURNAL OF SOCIAL POLICY
AB Constitutional change offers the opportunity for a major departure in the nature and direction of policy, practices and governance in social policy. This article explores some of the impacts devolution has for the discipline of social policy, suggesting that devolution matters for social policy as a field of research and study, and for the analysis and understanding of developments in UK social policy. It argues that devolution has a number of implications in terms of comparative and transnational social policy, new sites of analysis, the language of social policy, the production of knowledge and the development of new policy communities within the UK. It also signals new perspectives based on evolving welfare subjectivities and around questions of territorial justice. Drawing on discussions about the nature of social policy in the 1970s in particular, suggestions are made as to how new and emerging perspectives within and across the nations of the UK serve to 'decentre' the social policy tradition. In essence, this article seeks to open up a debate for 'theorising' the discipline of social policy through a focus on devolution.
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 0
SN 0047-2794
EI 1469-7823
PD JUL
PY 2008
VL 37
BP 489
EP 507
DI 10.1017/S0047279408002018
PN 3
UT WOS:000257925800008
ER

PT J
AU Smart, P
   Bessant, J
   Gupta, A
AF Smart, Palie
   Bessant, John
   Gupta, Abhlshek
TI Towards technological rules for designing innovation networks: a dynamic
   capabilities view
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
DE networking; innovation; pharmaceutical technology; design and
   development
ID RESOURCE-BASED THEORY; COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE; PHARMACEUTICAL-INDUSTRY;
   STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT; KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT;
   SOCIAL-STRUCTURE; LIFE SCIENCES; BIOTECHNOLOGY; FIRMS
AB Purpose - Inter-organizational innovation networks provide opportunities to exploit complementary resources that reside beyond the boundary of the firm. The shifting locus of innovation and value creation away from the "sole firm as innovator" poses important questions about the nature of these resources and the capabilities needed to leverage them for competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to describe research into producing design-oriented knowledge, for configuring inter-organizational networks as a means of accessing such resources for innovation.
   Design/methodology/approach - This exploratory investigation conflates emerging constructs and themes analytically induced from a systematic survey of 142 scholarly and practitioner articles and 45 expert interviews with senior professionals operating in the biopharmaceuticals industry.
   Findings - The findings identify seven theoretically and empirically grounded technological rules associated with effective inter-organizational networking for innovation. They embody evidence ex post of networking theory and practice. Based on van Aken's seminal work, they comprise design-oriented knowledge to provide a solution architecture of viable action options for managers, a priori, to purposefully design innovation networks. Collectively these rules represent a tentative taxonomy, a means of classifying design principles, to assist managers in navigating their decision-making processes.
   Originality/value - This study demonstrates the need for explicit design-oriented knowledge for configuring inter-organizational networks. Finally, the implications of the findings for strategic management theory are discussed from a dynamic capabilities view. The significance of a dynamic capability which addresses the renewal of network-specific resources is highlighted.
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 2
U2 34
SN 0144-3577
PY 2007
VL 27
IS 9-10
BP 1069
EP 1092
DI 10.1108/01443570710820639
UT WOS:000250092200008
ER

PT J
AU Bell, S
AF Bell, S
TI 'Appropriate' policy knowledge, and institutional and governance
   implications
SO AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
AB The papers in this special section of AJPA are the product of a symposium held in Brisbane in February 2003, which was jointly sponsored by the School of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Queensland and the Queensland Department of Premier and Cabinet. Three papers were delivered. David Adams, from the Victorian Public Service, delivered a paper entitled 'Usable knowledge and public policy'. Wayne Parsons, from the University of London, gave a paper 'Not just steering but weaving: Relevant knowledge and the craft of building policy capacity'. Randal Stewart, a policy consultant based in Sydney, gave a paper entitled 'Public sector reform knowledge production'. The purposes of this paper are to highlight salient points from the papers and to assess briefly the institutional and governance implications of taking at last some steps beyond the currently prevailing rationalist approaches to policy and governance.
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 3
SN 0313-6647
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 63
IS 1
BP 22
EP 28
DI 10.1111/j.1467-8500.2004.00356.x
UT WOS:000220783500003
ER

PT J
AU SZELKE, E
   KERR, RM
AF SZELKE, E
   KERR, RM
TI KNOWLEDGE-BASED REACTIVE SCHEDULING
SO PRODUCTION PLANNING & CONTROL
DE KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS; REACTIVE SCHEDULING; HANDLING UNCERTAINTIES;
   SHOP FLOOR CONTROL; REAL-TIME DECISION-MAKING
ID SYSTEMS
AB Reactive scheduling has emerged as a new concept in production planning and control over the past few years. It is attracting the increased interest of both academic and industrial researchers in developing available knowledge-based techniques in real-time shop floor control applications and providing advanced tools for subsequent industrial applications. In this paper, we provide an overview of research results in the domain of knowledge-based reactive scheduling and some related industrial applications. Since reactive scheduling is a new and not well-defined paradigm, we start by examining some definitions of the problem given by different practitioners in the field. We then examine alternative knowledge-representation technologies and reasoning approaches which, because of their flexibility and reactive capability, are often applied in real-time decision-making environments. This is followed by a review of some reported industrial applications, and a summary on major areas for further research, which gives a picture of the width of the gap between the results of current research and their application in practice. Finally, some major trends apparent in the domain are outlined.
TC 45
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 12
SN 0953-7287
PD MAR-APR
PY 1994
VL 5
IS 2
BP 124
EP 145
DI 10.1080/09537289408919480
UT WOS:A1994NM33400002
ER

EF

----
Results: 91, hand-picked 26
(from Web of Science Core Collection)
You searched for: TS=("evidence-based policy")
Refined by: DOCUMENT TYPES: ( REVIEW )
Timespan: All years. Indexes: SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, ESCI. 

FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Pawson, R
   Greenhalgh, J
   Brennan, C
   Glidewell, E
AF Pawson, Ray
   Greenhalgh, Joanne
   Brennan, Cathy
   Glidewell, Elizabeth
TI Do reviews of healthcare interventions teach us how to improve
   healthcare systems?
SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
DE United Kingdom; Demand management; Health systems; Realist synthesis;
   Organisational change; Complexity
ID COMPLEX INTERVENTIONS; SERVICE
AB Planners, managers and policy makers in modern health services are not without ingenuity they will always try, try and try again. They face deep-seated or 'wicked' problems, which have complex roots in the labyrinthine structures though which healthcare is delivered. Accordingly, the interventions devised to deal with such stubborn problems usually come in the plural. Many different reforms are devised to deal with a particular stumbling block, which may be implemented sequentially, simultaneously or whenever policy fashion or funding dictates. This paper examines this predicament from the perspective of evidence based policy. How might researchers go about reviewing the evidence when they are faced with multiple or indeed competing interventions addressing the same problem? In the face of this plight a rather unheralded form of research synthesis has emerged, namely the 'typological review'. We critically review the fortunes of this strategy. Separating the putative reforms into series of subtypes and producing a scorecard of their outcomes has the unintended effect of divorcing them all from an understanding of how organisations change. A more fruitful approach may lie in a 'theory-driven review' underpinned by an understanding of dynamics of social change in complex organisations. We test this thesis by examining the primary and secondary research on the many interventions designed to tackle a particularly wicked problem, namely the inexorable rise in demand for healthcare. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
RI Glidewell, Liz/G-7338-2011
OI Glidewell, Liz/0000-0003-2519-2654
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 23
SN 0277-9536
PD AUG
PY 2014
VL 114
BP 129
EP 137
DI 10.1016/j.socsimed.2014.05.032
UT WOS:000339131500016
PM 24929647
ER

PT J
AU Oliver, K
   Lorenc, T
   Innvaer, S
AF Oliver, Kathryn
   Lorenc, Theo
   Innvaer, Simon
TI New directions in evidence-based policy research: a critical analysis of
   the literature
SO HEALTH RESEARCH POLICY AND SYSTEMS
DE Critical analysis; Evidence-based policy; Knowledge utilization; Science
   and technology studies
ID HEALTH-SERVICES RESEARCH; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; PUBLIC-HEALTH;
   DECISION-MAKING; KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION; HIV PREVENTION; MAKERS; IMPACT;
   CARE; EXCHANGE
AB Despite 40 years of research into evidence-based policy (EBP) and a continued drive from both policymakers and researchers to increase research uptake in policy, barriers to the use of evidence are persistently identified in the literature. However, it is not clear what explains this persistence - whether they represent real factors, or if they are artefacts of approaches used to study EBP. Based on an updated review, this paper analyses this literature to explain persistent barriers and facilitators. We critically describe the literature in terms of its theoretical underpinnings, definitions of 'evidence', methods, and underlying assumptions of research in the field, and aim to illuminate the EBP discourse by comparison with approaches from other fields. Much of the research in this area is theoretically naive, focusing primarily on the uptake of research evidence as opposed to evidence defined more broadly, and privileging academics' research priorities over those of policymakers. Little empirical data analysing the processes or impact of evidence use in policy is available to inform researchers or decision-makers. EBP research often assumes that policymakers do not use evidence and that more evidence - meaning research evidence - use would benefit policymakers and populations. We argue that these assumptions are unsupported, biasing much of EBP research. The agenda of 'getting evidence into policy' has side-lined the empirical description and analysis of how research and policy actually interact in vivo. Rather than asking how research evidence can be made more influential, academics should aim to understand what influences and constitutes policy, and produce more critically and theoretically informed studies of decision-making. We question the main assumptions made by EBP researchers, explore the implications of doing so, and propose new directions for EBP research, and health policy.
OI Oliver, Kathryn/0000-0002-4326-5258
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 6
U2 54
SN 1478-4505
PD JUL 14
PY 2014
VL 12
AR 34
DI 10.1186/1478-4505-12-34
UT WOS:000339355600001
PM 25023520
ER

PT J
AU Daigneault, PM
   Jacob, S
   Ouimet, M
AF Daigneault, Pierre-Marc
   Jacob, Steve
   Ouimet, Mathieu
TI Using systematic review methods within a Ph.D. dissertation in political
   science: challenges and lessons learned from practice
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
DE systematic literature review; scoping study; systematic map; research
   synthesis; social science practice; evaluation use; reflective narrative
ID EVIDENCE-BASED MANAGEMENT; EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY; PARTICIPATORY
   EVALUATION
AB Systematic review and synthesis methods have gained wide acceptance within the social sciences and, as a result, many postgraduate students now consider using them for their thesis or dissertation research. However, students are rarely aware of all the concrete implications that their decision entails. This reflective narrative reports the experience of a political science student who began to conduct a systematic review as part of his Ph.D. dissertation but who did not complete it. The aim of this article is to identify challenges and lessons learned from this experience and to formulate recommendations for postgraduate students who wish to make an informed choice with respect to the use of these methods.
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 5
U2 13
SN 1364-5579
EI 1464-5300
PY 2014
VL 17
IS 3
BP 267
EP 283
DI 10.1080/13645579.2012.730704
UT WOS:000337631000006
ER

PT J
AU Al-Obaidi, T
   Fletcher, S
AF Al-Obaidi, Tamara A.
   Fletcher, Stephanie M.
TI Management of clandestine drug laboratories: need for evidence-based
   environmental health policies
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
DE Clandestine drug laboratories; Australia; Environmental health practice;
   Research; Evidence-based policy
ID LAW-ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL; METHAMPHETAMINE; EXPOSURE; SUPPORT
AB Clandestine drug laboratories (CDLs) have been emerging and increasing as a public health problem in Australia, with methamphetamine being the dominant illegally manufactured drug. However, management and remediation of contaminated properties are still limited in terms of regulation and direction, especially in relation to public and environmental health practice. Therefore, this review provides an update on the hazards and health effects associated with CDLs, with a specific look at the management of these labs from an Australian perspective. Particularly, the paper attempts to describe the policy landscape for management of CDLs, and identifies current gaps and how further research may be utilised to advance understanding and management of CDLs and inform public health policies. The paper highlights a significant lack of evidence-based policies and guidelines to guide regulatory authority including environmental health officers in Australia. Only recently, the national Clandestine Drug Laboratory Guidelines were developed to assist relevant authority and specialists manage and carry out investigations and remediation of contaminated sites. However, only three states have developed state-based guidelines, some of which are inadequate to meet environmental health requirements. The review recommends well-needed inter-sectoral collaborations and further research to provide an evidence base for the development of robust policies and standard operating procedures for safe and effective environmental health management and remediation of CDLs.
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 8
SN 1342-078X
EI 1347-4715
PD JAN
PY 2014
VL 19
IS 1
BP 1
EP 11
DI 10.1007/s12199-013-0360-8
UT WOS:000330208400001
PM 24002745
ER

PT J
AU Slowther, A
   Watkins, NA
   Kelly, D
AF Slowther, Anne
   Watkins, Nicholas A.
   Kelly, Deirdre
TI Evidence-Based Policy and Practice Leads to Changes in the Criteria for
   MSM to Donate Blood
SO TRANSFUSION MEDICINE AND HEMOTHERAPY
DE MSM; Blood donation; Compliance; Risk; Policy
ID MEN; SEX
AB On November 7, 2011, the permanent deferral from blood donation of men who have sex with men (MSM) changed in England, Scotland and Wales, to a 12-month deferral since last relevant sexual contact. This change was made following an evidence-based policy review by the Advisory Committee on the Safety of Blood, Tissues and Organs (SaBTO). The review concluded that the available evidence supported the introduction of a 12-month fixed period deferral and that the risks associated with a 12-month deferral of MSM were equivalent to a permanent deferral. The permanent deferral for MSM was introduced in 1985 in response to the spread of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) caused by HIV. The change was supported by new data on the level of compliance with the permanent deferral, advances in the testing and processing of donated blood, changes in the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and improved scientific knowledge. This review discusses how the decision to change the deferral period was reached and highlights some of the remaining issues relating to this contentious matter.
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
SN 1660-3796
PY 2013
VL 40
IS 3
BP 155
EP 158
DI 10.1159/000351770
UT WOS:000319854300002
PM 23922540
ER

PT J
AU Lane, CH
   Carter, MI
AF Lane, Ch'uyasonqo H.
   Carter, Marina I.
TI The role of evidence-based media advocacy in the promotion of tobacco
   control policies
SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO
DE Media advocacy; mass media campaign; research; evidence-based policy;
   tobacco tax; Mexico
AB This article discusses the role of evidence-based media advocacy in the promotion of tobacco control policies. Evidence is a driving force for campaigns seeking to implement a tobacco control policy. An effective campaign is based in evidence that demonstrates why a policy should be implemented, and what the potential benefits are. Media advocacy is the process of disseminating information through the communications media where the aim is to effect: action, such as a change of policy, or to alter the public's view of an issue. Discussion focuses on: 1) the importance of, and methods for, collecting and communicating evidence and information to make it clear and usable for legislators, the media, and the public; and 2) the role of earned and paid media in advancing tobacco control issues. The discussion is made within the context of a specific advocacy example; in this case the 2010 campaign to increase the tobacco tax in Mexico.
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 4
SN 0036-3634
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2012
VL 54
IS 3
BP 281
EP 288
UT WOS:000304781900010
PM 22689166
ER

PT J
AU Waddington, H
   White, H
   Snilstveit, B
   Hombrados, JG
   Vojtkova, M
   Davies, P
   Bhavsar, A
   Eyers, J
   Koehlmoos, TP
   Petticrew, M
   Valentine, JC
   Tugwell, P
AF Waddington, Hugh
   White, Howard
   Snilstveit, Birte
   Hombrados, Jorge Garcia
   Vojtkova, Martina
   Davies, Philip
   Bhavsar, Ami
   Eyers, John
   Koehlmoos, Tracey Perez
   Petticrew, Mark
   Valentine, Jeffrey C.
   Tugwell, Peter
TI How to do a good systematic review of effects in international
   development: a tool kit
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS
DE systematic review; meta-analysis; impact evaluation; randomised control
   trial; evidence-based policy
ID HYGIENE INTERVENTIONS; METAANALYSIS; PROGRAMS; HEALTH; IMPACT; BIAS;
   SANITATION; COUNTRIES; DIARRHEA; QUALITY
AB We provide a 'how to' guide to undertake systematic reviews of effects in international development, by which we mean, synthesis of literature relating to the effectiveness of particular development interventions. Our remit includes determining the review's questions and scope, literature search, critical appraisal, methods of synthesis including meta-analysis, and assessing the extent to which generalisable conclusions can be drawn using a theory-based approach. Our work draws on the experiences of the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation's (3ie's) systematic reviews programme.
OI Vojtkova, Martina/0000-0002-5524-3590
TC 24
Z9 26
U1 3
U2 22
SN 1943-9342
EI 1943-9407
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 3
SI SI
BP 359
EP 387
DI 10.1080/19439342.2012.711765
UT WOS:000308985000002
ER

PT J
AU Snilstveit, B
AF Snilstveit, Birte
TI Systematic reviews: from 'bare bones' reviews to policy relevance
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS
DE systematic review; development effectiveness; evidence-based policy
ID QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; INTERVENTIONS; IMPLEMENTATION; HEALTH; CHALLENGES;
   MEDICINES; STANDARDS; TRIALS; AUDIT
AB Theory-based systematic reviews, which summarise evidence on what works, when and why, strive for greater policy relevance. Reviews that answer these questions adopt a mixed methods approach and draw on a range of study types. Answering the 'what works' and 'what doesn't' questions means drawing on effectiveness studies, conducted to standards of high-quality impact evaluation. But in formulating answers to the 'when' and 'why' questions requires a broader range of evidence from both quantitative and qualitative research. Based on a review of the methodological literature in this field and the experience of 3ie's systematic reviews program, this article provides an outline of how a theory-based approach to systematic reviews, including appropriate quantitative and qualitative evidence, can be operationalised. We propose an approach based on three principles: (1) develop a program theory for the intervention; (2) adopt a mixed methods approach and include a broader range of evidence; and (3) maintain the rigour and transparency that characterise systematic reviews. The approach translates into two broad options. Effectiveness plus reviews focus on providing a detailed causal chain analysis by drawing on a program theory and additional data collection on context and intervention implementation. And effectiveness plus with a parallel review component, which is designed to answer specific research questions related to effectiveness, adopts separate inclusion criteria, reflecting the type of studies appropriate for answering those questions.
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 5
SN 1943-9342
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 3
SI SI
BP 388
EP 408
DI 10.1080/19439342.2012.709875
UT WOS:000308985000003
ER

PT J
AU Snilstveit, B
   Oliver, S
   Vojtkova, M
AF Snilstveit, Birte
   Oliver, Sandy
   Vojtkova, Martina
TI Narrative approaches to systematic review and synthesis of evidence for
   international development policy and practice
SO JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS
DE systematic review; qualitative synthesis; evidence-based policy;
   narrative synthesis; development effectiveness
ID QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; CARE
AB Thus far, most systematic reviews commissioned to inform international development policy have focused on questions of 'what works', drawing on experimental and quasi-experimental studies of the effects of interventions. This article argues that systematic review methods can be applied to answer a range of different questions for international development and pays particular attention to methods of synthesising qualitative evidence that apply the key principles of systematic reviewing of being comprehensive, systematic and transparent. The article introduces readers to the types of questions for which reviews of qualitative evidence might be appropriate, the types of evidence such reviews might include and the range of methods available for their synthesis.
OI Vojtkova, Martina/0000-0002-5524-3590
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 7
SN 1943-9342
PY 2012
VL 4
IS 3
SI SI
BP 409
EP 429
DI 10.1080/19439342.2012.710641
UT WOS:000308985000004
ER

PT J
AU Williams, HE
AF Williams, Howard E.
TI The Braidwood Commission reports on TASER use in Canada: an
   evidence-based policy review
SO POLICING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICE STRATEGIES & MANAGEMENT
DE Braidwood Commission; Evidence-based public policy; Non-lethal weapons;
   TASER; Public policy; Canada
ID CONCEALED ARRHYTHMOGENIC SYNDROMES; SUDDEN CARDIAC-ARREST;
   VENTRICULAR-FIBRILLATION; STUN GUNS; X26 DISCHARGES; EXPOSURE; DEVICES;
   SAFETY; WEAPON; ADULTS
AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to review the Braidwood Commission's two reports on the use of TASER conducted energy weapons in Canada and the death of Robert Dziekanski to determine whether the Commission's conclusions' and subsequent recommendations constitute sound evidence-based public policy.
   Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzes Commissioner Braidwood's eight findings from the first report regarding the medical implications of the use of TASER devices by comparing those findings to the body of scientific, medical, and technical literature on the physiological effects of TASER technology. Additionally, this study reviews the potential ramifications of the Commissioner's recommendations regarding the use of TASER devices in both reports.
   Findings - Evidence from the existing literature does not support the Commission's findings regarding the medical risks of the use of TASER technology. Recommendations to restrict the use of TASER devices are unlikely to reduce arrest-related deaths, but they are likely to result in increased injuries to officers and suspects. Other recommendations, including training standards, testing requirements, reporting requirements, medical assistance, and research and review, are consistent with other reviews on the use of TASER technology and are necessary and appropriate to restore public confidence in police use-of-force.
   Originality/value - The Braidwood Commission recommendations have had an immediate impact on the policies of several police agencies in Canada, including the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, but this study is the first critically to review whether those recommendations constitute formulation of sound evidence-based public policy.
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 2
U2 16
SN 1363-951X
PY 2012
VL 35
IS 2
BP 356
EP 381
DI 10.1108/13639511211230101
UT WOS:000305874900010
ER

PT J
AU Adelle, C
   Jordan, A
   Turnpenny, J
AF Adelle, Camilla
   Jordan, Andrew
   Turnpenny, John
TI Proceeding in parallel or drifting apart? A systematic review of policy
   appraisal research and practices
SO ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING C-GOVERNMENT AND POLICY
DE policy appraisal; evidence-based policy making; impact assessment;
   environmental policy; policy learning
ID REGULATORY IMPACT ASSESSMENT; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL
   ASSESSMENT; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT; UK; REFLECTIONS; MANAGEMENT;
   GOVERNMENT; DIFFUSION; FRAMEWORK
AB Policy appraisal has spread rapidly throughout the OECD and beyond, as has the associated academic literature. In this paper we present the findings of a systematic review of this literature. We assess the extent to which developments in academic research and in everyday appraisal practices have informed to one another. While there are signs that policy appraisal research is moving away from the 'technical - rational model' of appraisal, both research and practice remain heavily informed by it. The review reveals that research and practice are interacting in subtle ways, but these fall well short of what is sought by advocates of more reflexive approaches. We systematically examine the exact pattern of research - practice interaction depicted in the literature and explore how this may change in the future.
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 3
U2 19
SN 0263-774X
PY 2012
VL 30
IS 3
BP 401
EP 415
DI 10.1068/c11104
UT WOS:000305476300002
ER

PT J
AU Konnerup, M
   Kongsted, HC
AF Konnerup, Merete
   Kongsted, Hans Christian
TI Do Cochrane reviews provide a good model for social science? The role of
   observational studies in systematic reviews
SO EVIDENCE & POLICY
DE research synthesis; inclusion criteria; randomisation; observational
   study
ID DESIGN AFFECTS OUTCOMES; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; OPENING STATEMENT;
   CONTROLLED-TRIALS; POLICY RESEARCH; HISTORICAL CONTROLS; RANDOM
   ASSIGNMENT; CLINICAL-TRIALS; REGRESSION; THERAPY
AB Formalised research synthesis to underpin evidence-based policy and practice has become increasingly important in areas of public policy. In this paper we discuss whether the Cochrane standard for systematic reviews of healthcare interventions is appropriate for social research. We examine the formal criteria of the Cochrane Collaboration for including particular study designs and search the Cochrane Library to provide quantitative evidence on the de facto standard of actual Cochrane reviews. By identifying the sample of Cochrane reviews that consider observational designs, we are able to conclude that the majority of reviews appears limited to considering randomised controlled trials only. Because recent studies have delineated conditions for observational studies in social research to produce valid evidence, we argue that an inclusive approach is essential for truly evidence-based policy and practice in regard to social interventions.
RI Kongsted, Hans/D-5226-2013
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 8
SN 1744-2648
PD JAN
PY 2012
VL 8
IS 1
BP 79
EP 96
DI 10.1332/174426412X620146
UT WOS:000300597000006
ER

PT J
AU Pfaff, H
   Abholz, H
   Glaeske, G
   Icks, A
   Klinkhammer-Schalke, M
   Nellessen-Martens, G
   Neugebauer, EAM
   Ohmann, C
   Schrappe, M
   Selbmann, HK
   Stemmer, R
AF Pfaff, H.
   Abholz, H.
   Glaeske, G.
   Icks, A.
   Klinkhammer-Schalke, M.
   Nellessen-Martens, G.
   Neugebauer, E. A. M.
   Ohmann, C.
   Schrappe, M.
   Selbmann, H. -K.
   Stemmer, R.
CA Vorstand Des Deutschen Netzwerkes
TI Health services research: essential for allocation decisions - joint
   statement
SO DEUTSCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT
DE health services research; allocation decisions; AMNOG; evidence-based
   medicine; evidence-based health care
ID MEMORANDUM III METHODS; EVIDENCE BASED POLICY; OUTCOMES RESEARCH;
   SYSTEM; CARE
RI Pfaff, Holger/D-2630-2009
OI Pfaff, Holger/0000-0001-9154-6575
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 2
U2 6
SN 0012-0472
PD DEC
PY 2011
VL 136
IS 48
BP 2496
EP 2500
DI 10.1055/s-0031-1272579
UT WOS:000298008300013
PM 21993809
ER

PT J
AU Bunn, F
   Sworn, K
AF Bunn, Frances
   Sworn, Katie
TI Strategies to promote the impact of systematic reviews on healthcare
   policy: a systematic review of the literature
SO EVIDENCE & POLICY
DE systematic review; evidence-based policy; research impact; knowledge
   transfer
ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; EXCHANGE;
   DISSEMINATION; TRANSLATION; PERCEPTIONS; PREVENTION; UNIVERSITY;
   MEDICINE
AB The last few decades have seen a growing emphasis on evidence-based decision making in healthcare. Systematic reviews synthesising research have been a key component of this movement. However, there is concern that such syntheses do not have the expected impact on policy with more work needed to enable us to maximise their potential. The aim of this review was to identify and evaluate potential strategies for increasing the impact of systematic reviews on policy. Such strategies may include incorporating active strategies for dissemination and knowledge transfer but more work is needed to evaluate their benefits.
RI Bunn, Frances/I-8108-2015
OI Bunn, Frances/0000-0002-5885-918X
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 7
SN 1744-2648
PD NOV
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 4
BP 403
EP 428
DI 10.1332/17442641IX603434
UT WOS:000298439700002
ER

PT J
AU Moore, G
   Redman, S
   Haines, M
   Todd, A
AF Moore, Gabriel
   Redman, Sally
   Haines, Mary
   Todd, Angela
TI What works to increase the use of research in population health policy
   and programmes: a review
SO EVIDENCE & POLICY
DE evidence-based policy; research utilisation; health decision making;
   research receptivity
ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; EXCHANGE;
   INFORMATION; STRATEGIES; CARE; PROFESSIONALS; FACILITATORS; OUTPUTS
AB Policy agencies are implementing strategies to increase the use of research in policy decisions. This paper examines the evidence about the effectiveness of these strategies. We conducted an extensive search focused on population health policy and programmes. We classified 106 papers meeting study criteria into research type (conceptual, descriptive and intervention). We examined the descriptive studies to identify commonly nominated potential intervention strategies. We examined the intervention studies to evaluate the impact of the tested strategies in increasing the use of research in policy decisions. There is little evidence about which strategies increase the use of evidence in population health policy and programmes.
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 13
SN 1744-2648
PD AUG
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 3
BP 277
EP 305
DI 10.1332/174426411X579199
UT WOS:000295659300003
ER

PT J
AU Orton, L
   Lloyd-Williams, F
   Taylor-Robinson, D
   O'Flaherty, M
   Capewell, S
AF Orton, Lois
   Lloyd-Williams, Ffion
   Taylor-Robinson, David
   O'Flaherty, Martin
   Capewell, Simon
TI The Use of Research Evidence in Public Health Decision Making Processes:
   Systematic Review
SO PLOS ONE
ID EVIDENCE-BASED POLICY; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; MAKERS; INEQUALITIES;
   PROMOTION; CARE; INTERVENTIONS; KNOWLEDGE; DISEASE; ONTARIO
AB Background: The use of research evidence to underpin public health policy is strongly promoted. However, its implementation has not been straightforward. The objectives of this systematic review were to synthesise empirical evidence on the use of research evidence by public health decision makers in settings with universal health care systems.
   Methods: To locate eligible studies, 13 bibliographic databases were screened, organisational websites were scanned, key informants were contacted and bibliographies of included studies were scrutinised. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Data were synthesised as a narrative review.
   Findings: 18 studies were included: 15 qualitative studies, and three surveys. Their methodological quality was mixed. They were set in a range of country and decision making settings. Study participants included 1063 public health decision makers, 72 researchers, and 174 with overlapping roles. Decision making processes varied widely between settings, and were viewed differently by key players. A range of research evidence was accessed. However, there was no reliable evidence on the extent of its use. Its impact was often indirect, competing with other influences. Barriers to the use of research evidence included: decision makers' perceptions of research evidence; the gulf between researchers and decision makers; the culture of decision making; competing influences on decision making; and practical constraints. Suggested (but largely untested) ways of overcoming these barriers included: research targeted at the needs of decision makers; research clearly highlighting key messages; and capacity building. There was little evidence on the role of research evidence in decision making to reduce inequalities.
   Conclusions: To more effectively implement research informed public health policy, action is required by decision makers and researchers to address the barriers identified in this systematic review. There is an urgent need for evidence to support the use of research evidence to inform public health decision making to reduce inequalities.
OI O'Flaherty, Martin/0000-0001-8944-4131
TC 70
Z9 71
U1 1
U2 25
SN 1932-6203
PD JUL 26
PY 2011
VL 6
IS 7
AR e21704
DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0021704
UT WOS:000293175100005
PM 21818262
ER

PT J
AU Campbell, D
   Donald, B
   Moore, G
   Frew, D
AF Campbell, Danielle
   Donald, Braedon
   Moore, Gabriel
   Frew, Deborah
TI Evidence Check: knowledge brokering to commission research reviews for
   policy
SO EVIDENCE & POLICY
DE synthesis; knowledge brokering; research utilisation; evidence-based
   policy
ID SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; QUALITY; TIME
AB Evidence Check, a programme managed by the Sax Institute in Sydney, Australia, assists Australian policy makers to commission quality reviews of research to inform health policy decision making. The programme involves an iterative knowledge brokering process to formulate and refine the scope of and questions for the review. The knowledge brokering process is particularly important to overcome barriers that have traditionally impeded the use of evidence in policy decision making by facilitating the creation of linkages and exchange between policy and researchers. Feedback from policy makers and researchers indicates that the use of knowledge brokers has enhanced the value of reviews commissioned through Evidence Check
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 7
SN 1744-2648
EI 1744-2656
PD JAN
PY 2011
VL 7
IS 1
BP 97
EP 107
DI 10.1332/174426411X553034
UT WOS:000289224400007
ER

PT J
AU Strydom, WF
   Funke, N
   Nienaber, S
   Nortje, K
   Steyn, M
AF Strydom, Wilma F.
   Funke, Nikki
   Nienaber, Shanna
   Nortje, Karen
   Steyn, Maronel
TI EVIDENCE-BASED POLICYMAKING: A REVIEW
SO SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
DE evidence-based policy; evidence uptake; policymaking; political
   decision-making; rational policymaking; science-policy interface
ID SCIENCE; KNOWLEDGE; TRANSLATION; RESOURCES; INTERFACE; WORK
AB The process of facilitating the uptake of evidence, for example, scientific research findings, into the policymaking process is multifaceted and thus complex. It is therefore important for scientists to understand this process in order to influence it more effectively. Similarly, policymakers need to understand the complexities of the scientific process to improve their interaction with the scientific sphere. This literature review addresses those factors that influence the uptake of scientific evidence into policymaking, the barriers to using science in policymaking, as well as recommendations for improved science policymaking interaction. A visual diagram of the gears of a car is used to convey the message of the complexities around the engagement between science and policymaking. It is concluded that the issue of evidence-based policymaking remains unresolved and questions for future research on the science policy interface are raised.
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 2
U2 15
SN 0038-2353
PD MAY-JUN
PY 2010
VL 106
IS 5-6
BP 16
EP 23
DI 10.4102/sajs.v106i5/6.249
UT WOS:000281421400007
ER

PT J
AU Houde, SC
AF Houde, Susan Crocker
TI The Systematic Review of the Literature A Tool for Evidence-Based Policy
SO JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING
AB The systematic review of the literature is a valuable tool for gerontological nurses to influence policy decisions. There are several organizations that provide helpful guidelines for the conduct of systematic reviews of the literature, including the Cochrane Collaboration, the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information Co-Ordinating Centre at the Institute of Education, University of London. Gerontological nurses who have a strong foundation in research methodology and the skills to synthesize scientific evidence for the purpose of promoting evidence-based policy have the potential to positively influence health care outcomes for older adults. For nurses to assume a leadership role in synthesizing scientific evidence for evidence-based policy development and refinement, nursing education will need to assume a more active role in teaching systematic review methodology. This article presents an overview of resources for conducting systematic reviews of the literature and discusses the use of the systematic review as a tool for evidence-based policy.
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 12
SN 0098-9134
PD SEP
PY 2009
VL 35
IS 9
BP 9
EP 12
DI 10.3928/00989134-20090731-05
UT WOS:000270282700003
PM 19715255
ER

PT J
AU Juntti, M
   Russel, D
   Turnpenny, J
AF Juntti, Meri
   Russel, Duncan
   Turnpenny, John
TI Evidence, politics and power in public policy for the environment
SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY
DE Evidence-based policy; Science studies; Environmental governance
ID EUROPEAN-UNION; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; GOVERNANCE; NETWORKS; SCIENCE;
   IMPLEMENTATION; GOVERNMENT; KNOWLEDGE; SCHEME; AGE
AB Despite a recent emphasis on 'evidence based policy' accompanied by an abundance of 'green' policy instruments, experience from the European Union and OECD countries shows that decisions which truly aim to balance environmental considerations with social and economic ones remain thin on the ground. Moreover, many policies seem to fall short of, or directly contradict what the available 'evidence' suggests is required. This is a synthesis paper bringing together literature from the fields of political science, geography, sociology and science and technology studies to outline some of the obscurities relating to the use of scientific evidence in environmental decision-making. In this paper, we suggest that an exploration of three key inter-related issues is necessary to develop a richer understanding of why evidence and policy interact as they do. These are the nature of evidence itself; the normative, moral or ethical 'politics' of policy-making; and the operation of power in the policy process. Our primary goal is to bring various literatures together to better conceptualise the evidence-policy relationship. In so doing, we outline specific challenges for knowledge producers who set research priorities, and design and direct research projects. We also highlight significant implications for policy decision-making processes (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
TC 57
Z9 59
U1 6
U2 39
SN 1462-9011
EI 1873-6416
PD MAY
PY 2009
VL 12
IS 3
BP 207
EP 215
DI 10.1016/j.envsci.2008.12.007
UT WOS:000266196700001
ER

PT J
AU Tantivess, S
   Teerawattananon, Y
   Mills, A
AF Tantivess, Sripen
   Teerawattananon, Yot
   Mills, Anne
TI Strengthening Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Thailand through the
   Establishment of the Health Intervention and Technology Assessment
   Program
SO PHARMACOECONOMICS
ID ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; POLICY; SYSTEMS
AB Capacity is limited in the developing world to conduct cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of health interventions. In Thailand, there have been concerted efforts to promote evidence-based policy making, including the introduction of economic, appraisals within health technology assessment (HTA). This paper reviews the experience of this lower middle-income country, with an emphasis on the creation of the Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program (HITAP), including its mission, management structures and activities.
   Over the past 3 decades, several HTA programmes were implemented in Thailand but not sustained or developed further into a national institute. As a response to increasing demands for HTA evidence including CEA information, the HITAP was created in 2007 as an affiliate unit of a semi-autonomous research arm of the Ministry Of Public Health. An advantage of this HTA programme over previous initiatives was that it was hosted by a research institute with long-term experience in conducting health systems and policy research and capacity building of its research staff, and excellent research and policy networks. To deal with existing impediments to conducting health economics research, the main strategies of the HITAP were carefully devised to include not only capacity strengthening of its researchers and administrative staff, but also the development of essential elements for the country's health economic evaluation methodology. These included, for example, methodological guidelines, standard protocols and benchmarks for resource allocation, many of which have been adopted by national policy-making bodies including the three major public health insurance plans. Networks and collaborations with domestic and foreign institutes have been sought as a means of resource mobilization and exchange. Although the HITAP is well financed by a number of government agencies and international organizations, the programme is vulnerable to shortages of qualified research staff, as most staff work on a part-time or temporary basis.
   To enhance the utilization of its research findings by policy makers, practitioners and consumers, the HITAP has adopted the principles of technical excellence, policy relevance, transparency, effective communication and participation of key stakeholders. These principles have been translated into good practice at every step of HTA management. In 2007 and 2008, the HITAP carried out assessments of a wide range of health products, medical procedures and public health initiatives. Although CEA and other economic evaluation approaches were employed in these studies, the tools and underlying efficiency goal were considered inadequate to provide complete information for prioritization. As suggested by official stakeholders, some of the projects investigated broader issues of management, feasibility, performance and socio-political implications of interventions. As yet, it is unclear what role HITAP research and associated recommendations have played in policy decisions.
   It is hoped that the lessons drawn on the creation of the HITAP and its experience during the first 2 years, as well as information on its main strategies and management structures, may be helpful for other resource-constrained countries when considering how best to strengthen their capacity to conduct economic appraisals of health technologies and interventions.
OI Mills, Anne/0000-0001-9863-9950
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 10
SN 1170-7690
PY 2009
VL 27
IS 11
BP 931
EP 945
UT WOS:000273272300005
PM 19888793
ER

PT J
AU Byrne, D
   Ozga, J
AF Byrne, Delma
   Ozga, Jenny
TI BERA review 2006: education research and policy
SO RESEARCH PAPERS IN EDUCATION
DE research and policy; evidence-based policy; research quality; policy
   science and policy scholarship
AB The review examines the relationship between educational research and policy, from the post-war period to the present, throughout the United Kingdom. Its purpose is to (a) illuminate the changing relationship between education research and policy, and (b) to clarify the different ways in which that relationship is understood. Its overarching purpose is to enable the education research community to locate current debates about research and policy within historical and theoretical frames of reference, and to enable researchers to locate themselves and their work in this contested area.
   The review is structured in three main sections. The first explores the shifting meanings of research and policy, with attention to the ways in which particular definitions of research produce consequences for the ways in which policy is understood, and vice versa. From these discussions, which include differences between applied, basic and strategic research, and between 'policy science' and 'policy scholarship', the authors offer a typology of education research-policy relations. The second section explores the meanings of research and policy in historical context, and examines the growth of research in education from the post-war years to the 1960s and 1970s. Some of the key themes in the relationship are introduced, and the historical origins of some current controversies are traced and explored. The third section looks at the research-policy relationship in the current context, with attention to the growth of evidence-informed policy-making, and to major disputes and controversies about research quality and methodologies. Throughout the review the focus is largely on education research in England, but comparative points, drawn from the history and contemporary experience of the Centre for Educational Sociology (CES), are made about research-policy relations in Scotland, as are wider points about international developments.
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 7
SN 0267-1522
PY 2008
VL 23
IS 4
BP 377
EP 405
DI 10.1080/02671520701755457
UT WOS:000207737100001
ER

PT J
AU Seckinelgin, H
AF Seckinelgin, Hakan
TI Evidence-based policy for HIV/AIDS interventions: Questions of external
   validity, or relevance for use
SO DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
SN 0012-155X
EI 1467-7660
PD NOV
PY 2007
VL 38
IS 6
BP 1219
EP 1234
DI 10.1111/j.1467-7660.2007.00454.x
UT WOS:000250939900016
ER

PT J
AU MacMillan, HL
   Jamieson, E
   Wathen, CN
   Boyle, MH
   Walsh, CA
   Omura, J
   Walker, JM
   Lodenquai, G
AF MacMillan, Harriet L.
   Jamieson, Ellen
   Wathen, C. Nadine
   Boyle, Michael H.
   Walsh, Christine A.
   Omura, John
   Walker, Jason M.
   Lodenquai, Gregory
TI Development of a policy-relevant child maltreatment research strategy
SO MILBANK QUARTERLY
DE child maltreatment; research framework; health policy
ID SEXUALLY-ABUSED-CHILDREN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NURSE HOME
   VISITATION; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS SYMPTOMS; COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY;
   PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; PHYSICAL ABUSE; FOLLOW-UP; NEGLECTED CHILDREN;
   PRIMARY PREVENTION
AB Child maltreatment is associated with a huge burden of suffering, yet there are serious gaps in knowledge about its epidemiology and approaches to intervention. This article describes the development of a proposed national research framework in child maltreatment, as requested by the Department of Justice, Canada, based on (1) a review of the literature, (2) consultation with experts, and (3) application of evaluation criteria for considering research priorities. The article identifies gaps in knowledge about child maltreatment in Canada and proposes a research agenda to make evidence-based policy decisions more likely. Although this work was driven by gaps in Canada's knowledge about child maltreatment, the international scope of the review and consultation process could make the findings useful to broader research and policy audiences.
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 8
SN 0887-378X
PD JUN
PY 2007
VL 85
IS 2
BP 337
EP 374
DI 10.1111/j.1468-0009.2007.00490.x
UT WOS:000246623700009
PM 17517119
ER

PT J
AU Black, N
AF Black, N
TI Evidence based policy: proceed with care
SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
TC 256
Z9 259
U1 0
U2 19
SN 0959-535X
PD AUG 4
PY 2001
VL 323
IS 7307
BP 275
EP 278
DI 10.1136/bmj.323.7307.275
UT WOS:000170394300024
PM 11485961
ER

PT J
AU Walker, D
   Fox-Rushby, JA
AF Walker, D
   Fox-Rushby, JA
TI Economic evaluation of communicable disease interventions in developing
   countries: A critical review of the published literature
SO HEALTH ECONOMICS
DE communicable disease; cost; economic evaluation; review; developing
   countries
ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; TUBERCULOSIS TREATMENT
   PROGRAMS; RURAL SOUTH-AFRICA; BENEFIT-ANALYSIS; URINARY SCHISTOSOMIASIS;
   EXPANDED PROGRAM; MALARIA CONTROL; HEALTH-CARE; ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES
AB Limited health care budgets have emphasized the need for providers to use resources efficiently. Accordingly, there has been a rapid increase in the number of economic evaluations of communicable disease health programmes in developing countries, as there is a need to implement evidence-based policy decisions. However, given the prohibitive cost of many economic evaluations in low-income countries, interest has also been generated in pooling data and results of previously published studies. Yet, our review demonstrated that very few published economic evaluations have been performed during 1984-1997 (n = 107). Certain diseases and geographical areas have also been neglected. Of those studies published, appropriate analytic techniques have been inconsistently applied. In particular, there are four immediate concerns: the narrow perspective taken-dominance of the health care provider viewpoint and reliance on intermediate outcomes measures; bias-some costs were excluded from estimates; the lack of transparency-sources of data not identified; and the absence of a critical examination of findings-many papers failed to perform a sensitivity analysis. The usefulness of previously published economic evaluations to help make resource allocation choices on an individual basis and, therefore, for the purpose of international comparisons, pooling or meta-analysis, has to be questioned in light of the results from this study. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TC 41
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 6
SN 1057-9230
PD DEC
PY 2000
VL 9
IS 8
BP 681
EP 698
DI 10.1002/1099-1050(200012)9:8<681::AID-HEC545>3.0.CO;2-X
UT WOS:000166314800003
PM 11137950
ER

EF

Kirjallisuuskatsaus

Utiliry of openness in knowledge production 1-5

Openness and policy 1-2

Openness failure policy 1

Allintitle: openness failure 3/3

"Knowledge production" policy 1

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